See diagrams in your
book, Human Biology and Health Studies pages 86-89
To identify and explain the
structure and function of the human male and female sex organs.
Identify on the diagrams provided and explain the significance to reproduction of the following human bio-structures:
Ovary
Oviduct (Fallopian Tube)
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Penis
Testis
Scrotal Sac
Sperm Duct (Vas Deferens)
Prostrate Gland
Urethra
To name the two main hormones
that control human sexual cycles. Oestrogen, Progesterone
Describe how these hormones change
with, and in turn effect the female menstrual cycle.
All the eggs a woman ever has
are present in her Ovaries at birth.
Once a female reaches puberty
she begins to Ovulate or release Ova form the Ovaries in her reproductive
system.
From this time on an Ova is released from the Ovaries once every four weeks or so,
the Ova is usually released
alternately from one Ovary and then
the other.
Ova are produced through a
unique form of cellular division called Meiosis.
Meiosis results in the
formation of gametes.
Gametes contain half the number
(Haploid) of chromosomes than do
other cells (Diploid) of an
organism.
Haploid N =
23 chromosomes in human.
Diploid N =
46 chromosomes in human.
Ovulation:
the release of an ova
happens roughly halfway between a woman’s periods.
After release, beating cilia
move the egg along the fallopian tube
along with contractions of the oviducts muscles.
Menstrual Cycle: the regular
patterns of change that occur in a woman’s reproductive system between one period to another.
Series of changes
that take place in the body of a woman to prepare for the possibility of
pregnancy.
Lasts 25-32
days.
Changes occur in lining of the uterus, development and release of the
egg, and levels of the two main ovarian
hormones, progesterone and oestrogen.
Oestrogen causes
an Ova to
mature in the Ovary.
Oestrogen and progesterone promote
the increase in blood vessels of the uterus thickening the organs walls.
If progesterone levels get high enough they stop further ovulation.
If an ova is fertilized then its corpus luteum
goes on producing progesterone in
the ovary and this prevents further ovulation.
If no fetilzation occurs then
the progesterone levels decline and
the thickened uterine wall is shed into the menstrual flow which is followed by the start of another cycle.